Writing critical essays
A Research Paper Has A Title That Reflects The Topic
Tuesday, August 25, 2020
ââ¬ËPerfume: The Story of a Murdererââ¬â¢ Essay
Sã ¼skind permits likenesses to be drawn among Grenouille and the Biblical figure, Satan, so as to differentiate Grenouille from the mass of humankind â⬠this relates with the topic of Existentialism in the novel. As far as the Bible, Satan, or the Devil, was at first a holy messenger that lived at Godââ¬â¢s right-hand, who later contrived to become self-overseeing and thus was sentenced to Hell to be dismissed and dreaded by mankind. Grenouille, by decision and his disdain for mankind, lived disengaged in a mountain in Grasse. The storyteller portrays normal occurrences of thinking for disengaging oneââ¬â¢s self so as to upgrade the differentiation of Grenouilleââ¬â¢s thinking, ââ¬ËWe are recognizable of individuals who search out isolation: penitents, disappointments, holy people or prophetsâ⬠¦They do this to be closer to Godâ⬠¦ They act in the conviction that they are carrying on with a real existence closer to Godââ¬â¢. Sã ¼skind makes this reference to God related to humankind, permitting the peruser to enroll that the general public in the novel is God-dreading, and subsequently substandard compared to the said maker. In the wake of setting up this, the storyteller proceeds to portray Grenouilleââ¬â¢s explanation behind isolation. ââ¬ËGrenouilleââ¬â¢s case was no such thing. There was not minimal idea of God in his headâ⬠¦he lounged in his own reality and discovered it splendidââ¬â¢. This permits the peruser to comprehend Grenouilleââ¬â¢s thinking is self-inspired and self-consumed, this is interesting. He detached himself to be with himself and without reason to God or humankind â⬠this is amusing as the Bible states isolation is for God this likewise imitates the for the most part received mentality of the Biblical Devil, embodying characteristics, for example, independence an d the capacity to act naturally administering. It is the referenced characteristics that are identified with Existentialism â⬠without out worth or rule from God, Grenouille is self-deciding, and henceforth rises above mankind and seperates himself from it, as humankind is despite what might be expected. The area setting during this time is pertinent to Grenouilleââ¬â¢s relationship to the Devil â⬠The Devil is known to live in the seventh layer of Hell; Grenouille dwells detached in the ââ¬Ëgodforsaken wildernessââ¬â¢ for a long time ââ¬Ëwithout animal comfortsââ¬â¢ â⬠the frosty and harsh climate of both the Christian Hell and the mountain in Grasse can be compared to one another. These correlations and complexity in the books permit the subject of existentialism to get clear as it features Grenouilleââ¬â¢s self-administering nature in his secluded living space. This separates Grenouille as it shows up this nature of leaning toward supreme isolation that lone he has. His need for partition features his prevalence over Humanity â⬠this even hints the huge force he will create as the novel advances because of his olfactory sense. Grenouille is controlled by his longing, not by condition, though God decides humankind in the novel. Another model that compares him to Satan and God at the same time is when Grenouille effectively devises mimicry of human aroma and turns out to be coincidentally acknowledged by the individuals. This fruition of this assignment uncovered his total matchless quality of mankind through creation, similar to God, his despite everything existing disdain for humankind, similar to Satan. Grenouille celebrates, ââ¬Ëa devilish sentiment of triumph that set him trembling and energized him like an assault of lustfulness, and he experienced difficulty shielding from erupting it like venom and spleen all over these peopleâ⬠¦his scorn for them was profoundâ⬠¦because they were so imbecilic they stankââ¬â¢ (page 154). The utilization of the metaphor proposes his energy is wicked â⬠he means to utilize his recently discovered capacity to lead malicious things. In this occasion, Sã ¼skind is again relating Grenouille to Satan. The further utilization of such words as ââ¬Ëvenomâ⠬â¢, ââ¬Ëwickedââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëspleenââ¬â¢ repeat Grenouilleââ¬â¢s malicious emotions, underscoring how he disdains humankind, again an imitating nature of the Devil. In this statement, Sã ¼skind recommends having an aroma is to be dumb, and besides to be a piece of mankind â⬠Grenouille understands that he has neither of these things, accentuating their extremity, as this considers him better than mankind. As it is expressed in the holy book, ââ¬Å"And no big surprise! For Satan himself changes himself into a heavenly attendant of lightâ⬠, 2 Corinthians 11:14, this announcement relates to Satan being able to mask himself and nitwit mankind. Essentially, Grenouille does precisely this by copying the human fragrance and picking up their acknowledgment so as to complete his detestable expectations. Through references to the Biblical figure of the Devil, Sã ¼skind looks at Grenouille to him, permitting the Grenouille to have comparative relationship to the Devil and consequently stressing his separation from mankind through disdain and dismissal. Interestingly, Sã ¼skind further modifies the Grenouilleââ¬â¢s segregation from mankind as the characters acquires power through the sway of aroma, permitting him to be all the more firmly contrasted with God. The epic features that fragrance is sovereign, governing over every single other sense and deciding the nature of ones life, ââ¬Å"He who managed aroma administered the hearts of menâ⬠. Fragrance is equivalent to Religion in the novel â⬠Grenouille is the main character who perceives its power. 1 Peter 5:8 ESV/11 accommodating votes Be calm disapproved; be vigilant. Your foe the demon sneaks around like a thundering lion, looking for somebody to eat up. ââ¬Å"And no big surprise! For Satan himself changes himself into a holy messenger of light.â⬠2 Corinthians 11:14 ââ¬Å"There was just a single thing the scent couldn't do. It couldn't transform him into an individual who could adore and be cherished like every other person. In this way, to damnation with it he thought. To hellfire with the world. With the fragrance. With himselfââ¬
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Religious Liberty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words
Strict Liberty - Essay Example It is, in this way, the absolute first revision, presented in the constitution in 1791, gives an outright and unhindered strict opportunity to the majority, where the adherents of all beliefs are pronounced allowed to play out their strict practices with no forbiddance, obstruction or limitations from the state or government out and out. The primary alteration in the US constitution states: Congress will make no law regarding a foundation of religion, or precluding the free exercise thereof, or condensing the ability to speak freely, or of the press; or the privilege of the individuals quietly to assemble...â⬠Runquist (2007) sees that the principal condition restricts the administration from setting up a religion (counting inclining toward one religion over another or over no religion). The subsequent provision ensures the free exercise of religion. Father of the US country, George Washington, hand-wrote in his very own supplication book that it is difficult to appropriately ov ersee the world without God and the Bible (Judiciary House, 2011). Henceforth, the Americans are allowed to go to places of worship, mosques, gathering places, and sanctuaries with no keeps an eye on their strict exhibitions from the state just as from their strict adversaries and opponent networks. Religion can appropriately be expressed as one of the most basic components of human life. Despite the fact that it is an enhanced subject, and a huge number of religions exist on the planet, yet put stock in the otherworldly and supernatural forces is regular in all societies of the world. A mind greater part of the individuals at worldwide scale keep up that some Supreme Being absolutely exists known to mankind, which could tackle every one of their challenges and issues, and can shield them from the fiascos and disasters they themselves can't battle with. Thus, individuals create passionate connections with the divinity they love and don't permit any sort of impediment or hindrance th at could prevent them from showing their true consistence, veneration, and love to the god. History is packed with the instances of repulsive wars battled for the sake of religion, which brought about overwhelming and unsalvageable misfortunes in men and material. Adherence to the strict lessons isn't restricted to one single network or social class just; rather, it is similarly well known among the rich and poor and the solid and feeble. It is, in this manner, George W. Bramble (2001) had pronounced the war of psychological warfare as the coherence of the campaign wars battled by the Christians against the Muslims in the medieval occasions. Judis (2005) submits to express that in advancing his international strategy, George W. Bramble talks about the United States having a calling or mission that has originated from the Maker of Heaven. In this way, the religion is focal in the life of the American individuals; it is accordingly 79% of the populace transparently announces it as the supporter of different Christian groups. Keeping in see every one of these realities and real factors, alongside the state of mind and slant of the individuals behind them, the organizer chiefs of the USA chose to offer unlimited strict freedom to the majority so as to dodge and departure any upsetting situation for the future years to come. I
Wednesday, July 29, 2020
Elementary and Grad School
Elementary and Grad School There are many ways to learn: many methods and techniques, many ways to acquire new skills, many teachers and mentors from whom we can gain knowledge. One way is often referred to as âcontinuing educationâ: graduate schools, trade schools, and various seminars and writing workshops offer this kind of study. This approach allows one to append their existing education, to build atop a firm foundation (or a shoddy one). Another way is to start anew: not unlike kindergarten, this manner of learning is simultaneously terrifying and exciting because everything in the atmosphere is so new, so vivid, so uncertain and uncharted. Growth happens rapidly amid the terror and excitement of elementary school. (By the way, both emotionsâ"terror and excitementâ"tend to conjure the same physiological reactions: rapid heartbeat, dilated pupils, sweaty palms. This type of attentiveness significantly aids personal growth.) Both learning structures possess their advantages and disadvantages. Thankfully, in todayâs world, adults can have a hand in both methods, enjoying the fruits of uncharted territory while building upon the necessary bedrocks of an adult life. For us, our move to Missoula, Montana, was both elementary school and grad school. Weâre still building on top of a sound structure, a solid foundation (The Minimalists), but weâre also embracing the uncertainty of a new place with new people, a new business (Asymmetrical Press), and new daily practices and routines that will shape our growth in remarkable ways. Elementary school can be terrifying, but you grow through the fear. Ultimately, youâve won when your dreams have broken through your fears. Eventually, weâll graduate kindergarten. Whatâs new and exciting today will soon become routine, just another part of everyday life. When this happens, weâll need to move on to the next elementary-school experience if we want to keep growingâ"which we will. Without growth, people atrophy: we waste away, we die inside. To avoid this fate, we must continue to find new ways to grow, new elementary schools to crash. How about you? What is your elementary school? How will it change over time? Read this essay and 150 others in our new book, Essential.
Friday, May 22, 2020
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ( Ocd ) - 2855 Words
The definition of Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is typically defined by the disorders characteristics. The characteristics of OCD are obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions often manifest from unreasonable beliefs, thoughts, and fears. Compulsions often manifest in the form of ritualistic behaviors. Mayoclinic.org explains that individuals with OCD can have one of the other where the issues of compulsions or obsessions are concerned (Diseases and Conditions). ââ¬Å"Obsessive-Compulsive Disorderâ⬠written by Gyula Bokor, MD, and Peter D. Anderson further distinguishes OCD by stating that ââ¬Å"(OCD) consists of a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control to the degree that flexibility, openness, and efficiency are impairedâ⬠(2014, p. 117). There are a number of disorders that are comorbid to OCD, meaning in the presence of one or more disorder. Bokor and Anderson state that often times Touretteââ¬â¢s syndrome and Tic disorders are a frequent comorbidity with OCD (2014, p. 117). Psychotic disorders like schizophrenia has been reported a comorbidity of OCD. Bokor and Anderson state that the mental composition of a patient with OCD can lie in comorbidity with numerous psychiatric disorders as well like panic disorder, social phobia, and posttraumatic stress disorder (2014, p. 118). The National Institute of Mental Healthââ¬â¢s website explains that there are a number of treatments for OCD. The two most predominant forms ofShow MoreRelatedObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)1756 Words à |à 8 Pages Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a disorder that can affect children and adults. In order to fully understand OCD, many different areas of the disorder must be reviewed. First, OCD will be defined and the diagnosis criteria will be discussed. Secondly the prevalence of the disorder will be considered. The different symptoms, behaviors and means of treatment are also importa nt aspects that will be discussed in order to develop a clearer understanding of the implications of obsessive compulsiveRead MoreEssay on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)875 Words à |à 4 Pagessevere Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder that triggers people to have unwanted fixations and to repeat certain activities again and again. Everyone has habits or certain ways of doing something with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder these habits severely interrupt the way they live their lives (Familydoctor.org Editorial Staff). About one in 40 people suffer from some form of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (ABRAMOWITZ). Obsessive Compulsive Disorder oftenRead MoreLiving With Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)1190 Words à |à 5 Pagesdifferences between both symptoms and experiences of six different authors who have been personally affected by obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).à Since OCD is not very well understood by many members of the public (Escape), I hope that the experiences of the authors that I researched will be able to paint a vivid picture of what life with OCD is like. Obsessive-compulsive disorder involves a chemical imbalance in the brain. This chemical imbalance is thought to be the main reason for obsessionsRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay2901 Words à |à 12 Pages à à à à à à à à à à à à Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, or OCD, affects an average 1.7% of the population according to the Stanford University School of Medicine.à à The recognition of this psychological disorder has grown in the recent years.à à As the knowledge of this disorder becomes more prevalent, those suffering have become more willing to seek help (OCDA). à à à à à à à à à à à à OCD is a condition ââ¬Å"in which people experience repetitive and upsetting thoughts and/or behaviorsâ⬠(OCDA).à à While there are many variationRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay800 Words à |à 4 Pages Obsessive Compulsive Disorder And Its Effect On Life Obsessive-compulsive disorder, or OCD, involves anxious thoughts or rituals one feels and cant control. . For many years, OCD was thought to be rare. The actual number of people with OCD was hidden, because people would hide their problem to avoid embarrassment. Some recent studies show that as many as 3 million Americans ages 18 to 54 may have OCD at any one time. This is about 2.3% of the people in this age group. It strikes men and women inRead More Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essays2616 Words à |à 11 Pagesis a very powerful piece of structure; it is truly limitless when speaking about its potential. With a functional organ comes a dysfunctional possibility. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, (OCD), for instance, is nervousness in the mind. OCD is an anxiety disorder caused by repetitive intrusive thoughts and behaviors. It is a mental disorder marked by the involvement of a devotion to an idea or routine. Essentially, it is a false core belief which is believing that there is something wrong, causingRead MoreEssay on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)3370 Words à |à 14 Pages Obsessive compulsive disorder is a disease that many people know of, but few people know about. Many people associate repeated washing of hands, or flicking of switches, and even cleanliness with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), however there are many more symptoms, and there are also explanations for those symptoms. In this paper, I will describe what obsessive compulsive disorder is, explain some of the effects of it, and explain why it happens. I will also attempt to prove that while medicationRead More Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay1758 Words à |à 8 PagesOCD: Whats in Control? Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder that is the fourth most common mental illness in the U.S. (8). OCD affects five million Americans, or one in five people (3). This is a serious mental disorder that causes people to think and act certain things repetitively in order to calm the anxiety produced by a certain fear. Unlike compulsive drinking or gambling, OCD compulsions do not give the person pleasure; rather, the rituals are performed to obtainRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay examples1375 Words à |à 6 PagesObsessive Compulsive Disorder ââ¬Å"I know my hands are clean. I know that I have touched nothing dangerous. Butâ⬠¦ I doubt my perception. Soon, if I do not wash, a mind numbing, searing anxiety will cripple me. A feeling of stickiness will begin to spread from the point of contamination and I will be lost in a place I do not want to go. So I wash until the feeling is gone, until the anxiety subsides. Then I feel defeated. So I do less and less, my world becomes smaller and smaller and more lonelyRead MoreEssay about Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)474 Words à |à 2 Pages Obsessive Compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental illness that effects nearly 5 million Americans, and half a million children. Its a disease that fills the brain with unwanted ideas, and worries. OCD is a diseases that effects the Cerebral frontal cortex. Unfortunately there is no cure for OCD. Obsessive compulsive disorder can start developing as early as age five. In most cases OCD controls your life. Through out the rest of this paper I hope to inform you on Obsessive compulsive Disorders
Saturday, May 9, 2020
Why Everybody Is Talking About Dissertation Abstracts...The Simple Truth Revealed
Why Everybody Is Talking About Dissertation Abstracts...The Simple Truth Revealed What to Expect From Dissertation Abstracts? You will shortly locate the official data about us. In addition, it covers a limited number of dissertations from the rest of the planet. Even then you're not able to discover the informative and accurate details. Make certain that you will get done with your research properly so you will be in a position to compose the content properly. You must not forget the simple fact that the very first thing your teacher is likely to read is the dissertation abstract and if your dissertation abstract isn't well written, your teacher is likely to deduct your marks for the entire dissertation. Lots of people struggle to compose a fantastic abstract since they understand that a poor abstract will ruin the entire dissertation. An abstract is a brief overview of a bigger work, like a dissertation or research paper. The committee members serve as mentors and guides throughout the dissertation procedure and always incorporate a scholar from away from the Heller community. By summarizing the outcome of the research, it allows other people to find a concept of what was accomplished without needing to read through the whole dissertation. If you wish to take the comprehensive details about this issue at that moment, you ought to go with the internet services with the expert writers and take writing projects based on the topic. Writing a dissertation paper is not a simple task because it requires preparation, research and hard work to compose a fantastic paper. Writing assignments can create a great deal of issues for the students because of their ignorance in writing. Writing dissertation abstracts are sometimes a true challenge for any student. So far as the students are involved, writing a research paper is among the toughest and frustrating job in their opinion. A dissertation abstract is a quick overview of the whole paper. The abstract has an objective of offering the readers with information in a condensed state, and the value of it can't be overstated, as it does not just stand for the preface, but in addition allows your teacher to appraise the preamble before reading the entire text. In relation to the structure, the abstract should stick to the structure of the principal dissertation, in the feeling that it should begin by discussing the introduction, literature review, methodology, results and conclusion. Additional a dissertation abstract, being a distinct section, should not depend on the entire dissertation. In reality, in the event the abstract can be limited to a single page it's even better. Sometimes students take assistance from such dissertation abstract writing companies who don't care for you and supply you with a dissertation abstract that's flawed. Dissertation Abstracts for Dummies The abstracts should have a particular dimensions and structure. If you would like your dissertation to be well-received, it is necessary to create a compelling abstract. Your dissertation should be unique and totally original. Dissertation abstract is written to reveal the elements of your findings. To learn how to compose a dissertation abstract effectively and easily, a dissertation template was created which highlights the principal elements you should have in your dissertation abstract. 3 Further details on the advantages of UMI publishing can be seen on their site. When you go to compose the content, then you should try to find a few tips. You might find it useful to have a look at a dissertation abstract template to have a better comprehension of its structure. Reread your abstract to make certain it offers a very clear overview of your general argument. In the latter scenario, you should set the concentrate on the issue and don't permit the word limitations to dictate the range of paragraphs in your work. The use of the abstract is to report the key aims and outcomes of your research, and it needs to be fully understandable on its own to somebody who hasn't read your total paper or associated sources. In it, the aim of the analysis and methodological choices are o utlined succinctly, letting the reader or researcher to rapidly scan and evaluate numerous studies to easily choose ones that fulfill their specific demands. During the very first section of the test, the aim is to measure attention during a boring endeavor. The actual men and women highly praise our essay help site. Its goal is to allow researchers to stay current with what other folks in their field are studying by providing short summaries of dissertations that were published. Otherwise, it defeats the objective of having an abstract in the very first location.
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Winter Dreams Free Essays
Winter Dreams Free Essays There are several examples in the story Winter Dreams that reflects on F. Scott Fitzgeraldââ¬â¢s life. According to biography. We will write a custom essay sample on Winter Dreams or any similar topic only for you Order Now com, a website with biographies on famous peopleââ¬â¢s lives, Fitzgerald grew up in Minnesota, and during the beginning of Dexter Greenââ¬â¢s life, he lived in Minnesota. ââ¬Å"In the fall when the days became crisp and gray, the long Minnesota winter shut down like the white lid of a box, Dexterââ¬â¢s skis moved over the snow that hid the fairways of the golf courseâ⬠(Fitzgerald). This quote is an example of how Dexter Greenââ¬â¢s childhood compares to Fitzgeraldââ¬â¢s childhood. The next connection between the story and Fitzgeraldââ¬â¢s life is that later in his life he moves to New York. Referring to The Literature Network, a network devoted to literature, in 1919 Fitzgerald moved to New York to work on his writing, and in the story Dexter moves to New York when he is in his mid twenties. ââ¬Å"Already he was playing with the idea of going East to New Yorkâ⬠(Fitzgerald). The final example is the relationship between Dexter and Judy, and Fitzgerald and his wife Zelda. Referring back to biography. om, Fitzgerald and his wife had a split in the 1920s and during the story, Dexter and Judy Jones has a split around that same age. The examples used help the reader understand how the story Winter Dreams relate to F. Scott Fitzgeraldââ¬â¢s life. Works Cited ââ¬Å"F. Scott Fitzgerald. Biography. â⬠biography. com. 2012. N. p. n. d. Web. 2 August 2012 C. D Merrimanââ¬Å"F. Scott Fitzgerald. â⬠The Literature Network. Jalic Inc. 2007. Web. 2 Au gust 2012. Erika Willett ââ¬Å" F. Scott Fitzgerald and the American Dream. â⬠Public Broadcasting Station (PBS). n. p n. d. Web. 2 August 2012. How to cite Winter Dreams, Papers
Tuesday, April 28, 2020
Reformation And Ritual Essays - Sacraments Of The Catholic Church
Reformation And Ritual Question: What attitude or attitudes did the Reformations take towards popular religious forms? And how did the Reformations themselves come to embody ritual elements? The Reformation was a period of much social unrest. Whilst there existed a physical struggle evident upon the surface, underneath lie an intense philosophical and religious debate that served to test and question the values of Catholicism and the reasons for the need for change argued by the Protestant. The Reformation movement challenged the Catholic belief system. It argued against the praising and worshipping of icons and other such relics and argued that all praise and worship should be reserved for the Word of God and God alone. However, there is evidence to suggest that early Protestants felt a need for the reassurance offered by such icons and further, it has been argued, that the Protestant Reformers, in attempting to destroy ritual, actually served to strengthen Catholic belief in same. The irony is, in that attempting to destroy such rituals, the movement actually served to embody ritual elements. The methods by which it attempted to destroy ritual, can actually be interpre ted as being ritualistic in and of themselves. The Christian Sacraments were and are an important part of Catholic life. In understanding the significance of such sacraments to the Catholic and the theoretical arguments against same put forward by the Protestant Reformer, the need for the Reformer to extinguish such importance, becomes evident. For both the Catholic and the Orthodox the Eucharist represented and represents the body of Christ. It is believed that initially, the Eucharist is simply unleavened bread, however upon being blessed such bread actually turns into the body of Christ, a metaphysical transformation occurs that remains unexplained except by reference to a miracle and a blessing. Conversely the wine is believed to become the blood of Christ. It is believed that both serve to work towards granting the believer remission from sin and everlasting life1. The host and the sharing of same was not only believed to relieve the sinner of the burden of his sins but further had a social function. The sharing of the Eucharist worked to achieve a sense of social cohesion, a sense of unity and togetherness within a society where conflict and turmoil was a part of daily life2. However, Antoine Marcourt, a French Protestant Reformer, like many reformers of her period, argued that the Eucharistic rite was merely a materialistic ceremony and served to distract followers from the true faith. It was argued that the rite was merely an empty performance with little true significance. In Marcourt's own words It is an over dulling and darkening of the spirit and understanding of the people to cause them to . . . stare at a little bread, at a visible and corruptible thing3. For the reformers the host was a physical object, nothing more, that served to detract from the importance of the fundamental Word of God. For the Reformist, the physical act of eating and drinking was less significant than the actual words used during the Eucharistic ceremony. Whilst physical preparation for the rite, such as fasting, were useful in achieving a certain level of focus necessary to receive Communion, these acts alone were not fundamental to the Sacrament. What was fundamental was an unwavering belief in the promise by God to 'forgive sins' upon receiving the sacrament. As Martin Luther writes in his 'The Small Catechism of Martin Luther', Of course, eating and drinking do not do these things. These words, written here, do them: given for you and shed for you to forgive sins4. During this period it was not considered necessary for the masses to understand the processes of transubstantiation that turned the unleavened bread into the body of Christ. More truthfully, it was considered beyond the possible comprehension of the masses. As such, the Reformist argument is that the congregation became a part of an empty ritual. Taught when to kneel and when to stand and what to say without actually understanding same. The laity were advised that understanding was not important, that actions were paramount5. For the Reformist, such ceremony become fraud and was deemed illusory6. Various Reformists throughout time have argued that the Last Supper
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